Key Players in Solid-state battery Development & Manufacturing
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery technology, electrode material, energy storage, separator material, solid-state battery
24M Technologies, founded in 2010 in Cambridge, MA, pioneers advanced battery solutions with its SemiSolid™ and ETOP technologies. Serving electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and aerospace, 24M delivers safer, cost-effective, and sustainable energy. Recent expansions include a Thailand facility and partnerships with Kyocera.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Startup
- battery manufacturing, battery technology, coating technologies, solid-state battery
8inks AG, a Swiss ETH Zurich spin-off based in Schlieren, innovates battery manufacturing with its multi-layer electrode coating technology. Focusing on lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, they enhance efficiency and sustainability for electric vehicles, grid storage, and consumer electronics.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, energy storage, EV battery, LFP battery, solid-state battery
A123 Systems is a pioneering provider of advanced lithium-ion battery technology established in 2001. The company specializes in developing, manufacturing, and integrating battery cells that deliver energy solutions for automotive, energy storage, and specialized industrial applications. With over 1,200 patents and a large R&D team, the company continues to push the boundaries of battery innovation, including the development of its upcoming Semi-and All-Solid-State Battery.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Startup
- battery R&D, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Adden Energy, a Waltham-based technology company founded by Harvard scientists, specializes in advanced solid-state battery solutions for electric vehicles. Their solid-state design uses lithium-metal anodes and high-nickel NMC cathodes to deliver higher energy density, faster charging, and improved safety. The company is scaling production via a roll-to-roll pilot facility, aiming to enhance the accessibility and sustainability of EV battery technology.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Startup
- battery R&D, sodium-ion battery, solid-state battery
Adena Power, a Nexceris subsidiary in Ohio, develops innovative sodium solid-state batteries that offer safer, cost-effective, and sustainable energy storage. Utilizing domestic materials and advanced ceramic expertise, they support the transition to renewable energy solutions.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Material & Components, Startup
- aluminum-air battery, aluminum-ion battery, battery R&D, solid-state battery, sulfur-aluminum battery
Albufera Energy Storage, founded in 2013 in Madrid, specializes in aluminum-based battery solutions. Its three patents and diverse research projects underline the company’s commitment to providing sustainable, efficient, and safer energy storage technologies. These range from aluminum-ion and aluminum-air to aluminum-solid state batteries, each tailored to meet varying industry demands while minimizing environmental impact.
- Battery Industry Supplier, Material & Components
- battery materials, NMC cathode, silicon anode, solid-state battery
Ampcera Inc., founded in 2017 and based in Milpitas, CA, specializes in solid-state battery materials and integrated systems. Utilizing advanced sulfide-based electrolytes, they produce high-energy, safe batteries with up to 400 Wh/kg and rapid charging. Serving over 200 global clients, Ampcera is expanding production to meet growing demand by 2026.
- Material & Components
- battery components, battery materials, battery technology, solid-state battery
Anthro Energy, based in Alameda, CA, transforms lithium-ion battery performance with its Anthro Proteus™ phase-change electrolyte. This solution boosts safety, energy density, and manufacturing efficiency for EVs, electronics, and aerospace.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Startup
- battery R&D, battery technology, solid-state battery
Avesta Battery & Energy Engineering (ABEE), based in Ninove, Belgium, specializes in advanced lithium-ion and solid-state batteries for automotive and stationary applications. Founded in 2019, ABEE leverages AI and advanced modeling to optimize performance and sustainability across the battery value chain, positioning itself as a key player in the European battery ecosystem through innovative projects and large-scale production.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery R&D, battery technology, EV battery, solid-state battery
Basquevolt, based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, develops advanced solid-state lithium batteries for electric vehicles, energy storage, and portable devices. Backed by major investors like the Basque Government and Iberdrola, Basquevolt offers safer, higher-density, and sustainable battery solutions.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Material & Components
- battery components, battery materials, solid-state battery
Batene GmbH is a German energy tech startup revolutionizing battery design with its patented batene fleece™. This innovation enhances lithium-ion and next-gen batteries with faster charging, improved safety, and cost efficiency.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing
- battery R&D, silicon anode, solid-state battery
Blue Current Inc., based in Hayward, California, develops advanced all-solid-state batteries using silicon elastic composite technology. Their safer, high-energy solutions target electric vehicles, wearables, and mobility applications, aiming to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure reliable energy storage.
- Battery Industry Supplier, Cell & Pack Manufacturing
- battery manufacturing, battery recycling, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Blue Solutions, a subsidiary of the Bolloré Group since 1997, specializes in solid-state lithium metal polymer batteries. With over 600 million kilometers powered and advanced GEN4 technology, they provide safe, high-density, and sustainable energy solutions for transportation, aviation, and consumer goods through strategic partnerships and ongoing innovation.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery R&D, fast-charging, solid-state battery
BTRY is a Swiss cleantech startup developing solid-state lithium-ion batteries that charge in one minute. Using advanced semiconductor manufacturing and sustainable practices, they provide energy-dense, safe, and efficient storage solutions. Initially targeting IoT, BTRY plans to expand into consumer electronics, robotics, aerospace, and medical sectors.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, E-Mobility
- battery components, battery manufacturing, battery materials, battery packs, battery R&D, battery technology, e-mobility, LFP battery, NMC battery, OEM, sodium-ion battery, solid-state battery
BYD Company Ltd., founded in 1995 in Shenzhen, China, is a global leader in electric vehicles and sustainable energy solutions. With nearly 900,000 employees worldwide, BYD specializes in EVs, advanced battery technologies like Blade and Cell-to-Pack, and rail transit systems, leveraging vertical integration for quality and efficiency.
- Material & Components, Recycling & 2nd Life
- battery materials, solid-state battery, synthetic graphite
Cerebral Energy LLC, a service-disabled veteran-owned business in Wyoming, specializes in advanced solid-state battery technologies using recycled materials. Their AGILE lithium-free batteries enhance energy efficiency and safety for aerospace and military applications, promoting sustainable energy solutions and domestic independence.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery components, battery manufacturing, battery R&D, battery technology, energy storage, EV battery, LFP battery, NMC battery, sodium-ion battery, solid-state battery
CATL, a global leader in battery technology since 2011, is based in Ningde, China and stands as the world’s largest EV battery producer. It’s celebrated for its innovative LFP batteries and pioneering cell-to-pack process, driving sustainable energy storage and electric vehicle advancements.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery materials, battery technology, separator material, solid-state battery
Duksan Futurecell Co., Ltd is a South Korean leader in advanced solid-state battery technology. Specializing in ceramic separators and high-performance cells, they develop safer, more efficient energy storage solutions for electric vehicles and large-scale applications.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- LFP battery, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Established in 2012 and based in San Jose, Enpower Greentech Inc. leads in advanced solid and semi-solid-state battery technology. With global facilities in the USA, Japan, and China, they provide high-density energy storage solutions for electric vehicles, drones, and renewable energy systems.
- Consulting, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery analytics, battery testing, solid-state battery
Exponent, Inc. is a global leader in science and engineering consulting, tackling complex challenges with multidisciplinary expertise. Their innovative approach spans battery technology, AI integration, and risk mitigation.
- Battery Industry Supplier, Cell & Pack Manufacturing
- EV battery, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Factorial Energy, based in Massachusetts, develops advanced solid-state batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage. Utilizing proprietary FEST® and Solstice™ platforms, they enhance safety, energy density, and performance. Through strategic partnerships with major automakers, they drive advancements in battery technology.
- Battery Industry Supplier, Cell & Pack Manufacturing
- EV battery, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Farasis Energy, established in 2002 in Silicon Valley, develops and manufactures advanced lithium-ion and solid-state batteries. Specializing in high-energy pouch cells for electric vehicles and sustainable power storage, they serve automotive, industrial, and energy sectors with innovative, high-performance solutions.
- Battery Industry Supplier, Mining & Refining
- EV battery, LFP battery, solid-state battery
Ganfeng Lithium, established in 2000 in Xinyu, Jiangxi, is one of the world’s leading lithium salt producers, known for its fully integrated operations encompassing resource development, refining, battery manufacturing, and recycling. The company serves major global clients such as Tesla, BMW, and LG Chem, and focuses on advancing multiple battery technologies—including solid-state, semi-solid-state, and lithium iron phosphate—catering to electric vehicles, energy storage, and consumer electronics.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery technology, redox flow battery, solid-state battery
Gelion plc, headquartered in London and listed on AIM, pioneers lithium-sulfur and zinc-bromide energy storage solutions. Originating from the University of Sydney, the company delivers sustainable technologies for renewable energy, aerospace, and automotive applications, supported by strategic partnerships and robust investments.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- LFP battery, sodium-ion battery, solid-state battery
Established in 2001 and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Guangzhou Great Power Energy & Technology is a global leader in battery manufacturing. Specializing in lithium-ion, solid-state, and sodium-ion technologies, it serves energy storage, new energy vehicles, and electronics markets in over 50 countries. Recognized by BloombergNEF as a Tier 1 manufacturer, Great Power emphasizes innovation and safety.
- Energy Storage Solutions, Material & Components
- battery materials, battery technology, solid-state battery
High Performance Battery Holding AG, based in Teufen, Switzerland, specializes in solid-state battery technology offering enhanced safety, longevity, and environmental benefits. Founded by Prof. Dr. Günther Hambitzer, HPB targets stationary and automotive applications with globally protected IP and strategic partnerships.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, E-Mobility
- battery R&D, battery technology, EV battery, silicon anode, solid-state battery
Ilika plc, founded in 2004 in the UK, leads in solid-state battery technology with operations in the UK, USA, and Japan. It develops safer, more efficient batteries for electric vehicles, medical devices, and IoT applications, advancing energy storage in transportation and healthcare sectors.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery materials, lithium-metal anode, solid-state battery
Ion Storage Systems, headquartered in Beltsville, Maryland, leads in solid-state lithium metal batteries, enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Founded by experts Eric Wachsman and Greg Hitz, the company’s innovative technology serves electric vehicles, aerospace, defense, and grid storage, positioning them as pioneers in next-generation energy solutions.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery R&D, battery technology, solid-state battery
ITEN, based in Dardilly, France, leads the energy storage sector with its solid-state lithium-ion micro-batteries. Offering safer, more efficient, and eco-friendly solutions, ITEN’s high-performance batteries power applications in IoT, wearables, healthcare, and smart cities.
- Cell & Pack Manufacturing, Energy Storage Solutions
- battery manufacturing, battery technology, energy storage, EV battery, LFP battery, NMC battery, solid-state battery
Founded in 2020 as an LG Chem spin-off, LG Energy Solution is a global leader in lithium-ion battery manufacturing for electric vehicles, energy storage, and portable devices. Leveraging over 30 years of expertise and advanced technologies, the company delivers high-performance, sustainable energy solutions through strategic partnerships worldwide.
Solid-State Battery Technology
Solid-State Batteries (SSBs) represent a notable technological advancement in lithium-ion battery technology, distinguished by the replacement of traditional liquid or gel electrolytes with solid materials. This structural modification is intended to enhance multiple aspects of battery performance.
Key Characteristics of Solid-State Batteries
Solid-State Batteries are characterized by alternative electrolyte (solid-state electrolyte) materials, which can lead to increased energy density, improved safety due to reduced risk of leakage or fire, and the potential for faster charging. Additionally, SSBs can operate at higher voltages and are compatible with lithium metal anodes, further influencing their overall performance.
Classification of Solid-State Batteries by Electrolyte Material
Solid-State Batteries are primarily categorized into three types based on the solid electrolyte material employed:
Oxide Electrolyte Solid-State Batteries (LiOx-concept)
These batteries utilize materials such as Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide (LLZO), offering good structural stability and safety. While they exhibit lower ionic conductivity compared to some other materials, their high chemical stability and compatibility with lithium metal anodes are notable advantages.
Sulfide Electrolyte Solid-State Batteries
This category encompasses two variations.
- Sulfide Electrolyte with Lithium Anode (LiSu-concept), characterized by high ionic conductivity, suitability for high-power applications, and sensitivity to moisture.
- Sulfide Electrolyte with Silicon Anode (SiSu-concept), which leverages silicon anodes to potentially achieve higher energy densities in conjunction with sulfide electrolytes.
Polymer Electrolyte Solid-State Batteries (LiPo-concept)
Employing materials like Polyethylene Oxide (PEO), these batteries offer design flexibility and are suited for applications requiring lightweight or adaptable formats. However, they typically necessitate higher operating temperatures to ensure sufficient ionic conductivity.
SSB Development Challenges
Current major obstacles to the development of solid-state battery technology include cost, scalability, and the requirement to ensure long-term stability and performance across various environments. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on addressing these hurdles, with the ultimate goal of fully realizing the potential of SSBs in the application of energy storage solutions. As the field continues to evolve, Solid-State Batteries are likely to play a significant role in shaping the future of this critical technology sector.
Solid-State Battery (SSB) Development
SSBs categorized by their technological focus and market positioning:
| Company | Technology Focus | Key Innovations | Strategic Partners | Projected Commercialization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toyota | Sulfide-based electrolytes | 750-mile EV range; 10-minute charging; 1,000+ patents | Panasonic | Hybrid EVs by 2025; Full EVs 2027 |
| QuantumScape | Ceramic separators | Anode-less design; Dendrite suppression at 4C charging | Volkswagen | QSE-5 cells in 2026 |
| CATL | Hybrid condensed-state batteries | 500 Wh/kg energy density; Gel-solid electrolyte hybrid | Chinese government initiatives | Small-scale production by 2027 |
| Solid Power | Sulfide electrolytes | Silicon-carbon anodes; 930 Wh/L density | BMW, Ford | 2028 model-year vehicles |
| ProLogium | Oxide ceramic electrolytes | Roll-to-roll manufacturing; 40% cost reduction | Mercedes-Benz | Marseille gigafactory by 2026 |
| WELION | Oxide-based SSBs | Semi-solid transition tech; 577-mile NIO pack integration | NIO, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Deployed in swap stations (2024) |
| LG Energy Solution | LLZO solid electrolytes | Room-temperature operation; 500-cycle durability | UC San Diego | Pilot production by 2026 |
| Factorial Energy | Polymer-based electrolytes | FEST® tech; 600+ mile range; 40% weight reduction | Hyundai, Stellantis | Prototype validation by 2025 |
| Adden Energy | Multilayer architecture | 3D lithium anode; 10-minute charging | Harvard University spinout | EV prototypes by 2026 |
| Samsung SDI | Sulfide electrolytes | Anode-less design; 900 Wh/L density | Automotive OEMs (undisclosed) | Robotics focus from 2027 |
| BYD | Dual-path sulfide/oxide systems | 60% interfacial resistance reduction; <$100/kWh target | Chinese government subsidies | Luxury EVs by 2027 |
| Ilika | Sulfur-based thin-film SSBs | <1mm thickness; 140 Wh/kg for medical IoT | Jaguar Land Rover | Stereax® production in 2025 |
Technology comparison across key players in Solid-State Battery technology
| Electrolyte Type | Advantages | Challenges | Leading Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfide | High ionic conductivity (~10 mS/cm) | Sensitivity to moisture; H2S risks | Toyota, Samsung SDI, Solid Power |
| Oxide | Thermal stability >800°C | Brittle interfaces; high resistance | WELION, ProLogium, BYD |
| Polymer | Flexibility; low-cost processing | Low conductivity at room temp | Factorial Energy, Ilika |
| Hybrid (Solid-Gel) | Compatibility with existing lines | Energy density trade-offs | CATL |
