Researchers at Kiel University have developed an innovative communication method that allows battery cells to transmit internal sensor data over existing power connections, eliminating the need for dedicated data cables. By embedding a compact electronic circuit within each cell, the system converts temperature measurements into digital signals, which are then modulated onto the same terminals used for charging and discharging. This approach, detailed in the journal Communications Engineering, could simplify battery management systems, lower costs, and enhance safety.
Modern energy storage solutions—from electric vehicles to grid-scale batteries—rely on arrays of individual cells. Traditionally, temperature monitoring takes place only at the cell surface, potentially missing critical thermal events that originate in the core. Although in-cell sensors have been proposed, they generally require extra wiring and electronics that consume valuable space. The Kiel team’s design addresses this challenge by leveraging existing power electronics hardware, enabling “talkative batteries” that report internal conditions without additional infrastructure.
“By integrating a small circuit directly into the cell, we can continuously monitor internal temperatures and relay that information externally through the power lines,” explains Dr. Hamzeh Beiranvand, postdoctoral researcher at the Chair of Power Electronics. An initial cost analysis suggests the system could reduce sensor-wiring expenses by about 35 percent compared with conventional approaches.
First author Johannes Diers notes that the principle could extend beyond temperature sensing: “Pressure, gas concentration, or other sensor outputs could be encoded and transmitted in the same way.” Future developments may shrink the circuit further or embed it directly into novel electrode materials, allowing researchers to gain deeper insights into next-generation cell chemistries.
The team envisions applications across sectors that depend on high-performance batteries, from automotive propulsion and renewable energy storage to residential backup systems. Continuous internal monitoring promises to improve diagnostic accuracy, prevent failure modes, and support the development of safer, more cost-effective battery solutions.
Source: Kiel University News
